AI

The Lines Humans Draw The lines in a drawing made by human hands carry momentum, languor, suppleness, hesitation, sensuality. Some of these qualities are consciously sought; others emerge unconsciously. In a picture drawn by a person, such qualities are naturally adjusted and woven in. The word “sensuality” does not mean only sex appeal. We often speak of “mature allure,” but this is a complex thing, and eroticism is no simple matter either — because sex appeal has no pattern. ...

What Is the Bank System? Long ago, Osamu Tezuka — creator of Astro Boy, the pioneering television anime — devised a method called the Bank System to produce 30-minute episodes every week. “Bank” means to store. Unlike today, animation at that time was drawn on paper, traced onto cels, and painted by hand. Normally, cels were discarded after a production was completed. But Tezuka decided to keep and organize certain cels rather than throwing them away — bust shots, waist shots, close-ups, walking shots, flying shots, crying, laughing, lip-sync shots, and other footage likely to be reused. This was the Bank System. ...

There is a work called The Congress (2013, directed by Ari Folman) that blends live-action film with animation. It is based on a novel by Stanisław Lem (born in Ukraine, raised in Poland), the author famous for Solaris. A producer approaches an actress whose prime is passing and asks her to sell her current likeness — her image rights. Struggling with a difficult illness and crushing medical bills, she agonizes but ultimately accepts the offer. She is then recorded from head to toe by a full-body 3D scanner — and so the story continues. ...

My name is Sadao Tsukioka. After graduating from a high school with an architecture program, I entered this world as an assistant to the legendary Osamu Tezuka. In 1959, when Tezuka participated in Toei Animation’s feature film Journey to the West, I was dispatched alongside Shotaro Ishinomori as Tezuka’s stand-ins — that was my start as an animator. My drawing speed and skill were quickly recognized, and at just 24 years old, I directed Wolf Boy Ken, Toei Animation’s very first TV anime series, also serving as original creator. I was right at the heart of the birth of Japanese television animation. ...